2017, Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ayaa soo jeediyay istiraatiijiyadda"Ogaanshaha hore, ogaanshaha hore, iyo daawaynta hore", kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu xasuusiyo dadweynaha inay horay u sii ogaadaan calaamadaha.Kadib sanado lacag dhab ah oo caafimaad,saddexdan xeeladood waxay noqdeen habka ugu waxtarka badan ee looga hortago kansarka.
Sida laga soo xigtay "Warbixinta Kansarka Caalamiga ah ee 2020" ee ay soo saartay WHO, waxaa la saadaaliyay in tirada kansarka cusub ee adduunka ay kor u qaadi doonto 30.2 milyan sanadka 2040 tirada dhimashaduna ay gaari doonto 16.3 milyan.
Sannadka 2020, waxaa dunida ku jiri doona 19 milyan oo kansar oo cusub.Waqtigaas, saddexda kansar ee ugu waaweyn ee leh tirada ugu badan ee kansarrada adduunka waa: kansarka naasaha (22.61 milyan), kansarka sambabada (2.206 milyan), mindhicirka (19.31 milyan), iyo kansarka caloosha oo kaalinta shanaad galay 10.89 milyan.Tirada kansarrada cusub, kansarka mindhicirka iyo kansarka caloosha ayaa 15.8% ka ahaa dhammaan kansarrada cusub.
Sida aynu wada ognahay, marinka Manhua waxa loola jeedaa afka ilaa albaabka qaansoroobaad, kaas oo ku lug leh hunguriga, caloosha, xiidmaha yar, xiidmaha waaweyn (cecum, appendix, colon, malawadka iyo kanaalka dabada), beerka, beeryarada, iwm. iyo colorectum ee kansarrada cusub ee adduunka oo dhan Kansarka iyo kansarka caloosha labaduba waxay ka tirsan yihiin habka dheef-shiidka, markaa kansarrada la xidhiidha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka sidoo kale waxay u baahan yihiin in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho oo "saddexda hore" waa in la hirgeliyaa.
Sannadkii 2020, tirada kiisaska kansarka cusub ee waddankeyga waxay sidoo kale gaartay 4.5 milyan, tirada dhimashada kansarka waxay ahayd 3 milyan.Celcelis ahaan 15,000 oo qof ayaa laga helay kansarka maalin kasta, 10.4 qof ayaa laga helay kansar daqiiqad kasta.Kan shanaad waa kansarka sanbabada(waxay ku xisaabtamayaan 17.9% dhammaan kansarrada cusub),kansarka mindhicirka (12.2%), kansarka caloosha (10.5%),kansarka naasaha (9.1%), iyo kansarka beerka (9%).Ka mid ah shanta kansar ee ugu sarreeya oo keliya,Kansarrada caloosha iyo mindhicirku waxay ahaayeen 31.7% dhammaan kansarrada cusub.Waxaa la arki karaa in aan u baahanahay in aan fiiro gaar ah u yeelano ogaanshaha iyo ka hortagga kansarka habka dheef-shiidka.
Midda soo socota waa daabacaadda 2020 (baaritaan gaar ah iyo talo ka-hortagga dadka buro Chang Beihui) oo ku lug leh ka hortagga xanuunka iyo qorshaha kormeerka habka dheef-shiidka:
Kansarka mindhicirka
Walxaha khatarta sare leh
1.Dadka asymptomatic ka weyn 1.45 sano;
2.Dadka ka weyn 240 oo leh calaamadaha anorectal muddo laba toddobaad ah":
3.Bukaanada qaba ulcerative colitis muddo dheer;
4.4 qof ka dib qalliinka kansarka mindhicirka;
5. Dadweynaha ka dib daaweynta adenoma colorectal;
6. Qaraabada degdega ah ee leh taariikhda qoyska ee kansarka mindhicirka
7. Qaraabada degdega ah ee bukaanada laga helay kansarka mindhicirka la iska dhaxlo ee ka weyn 20 sano
Talooyinka Baaritaanka
1. "Dadka Guud" Eegista Waxay Kulmaan 1-5:
(1) Baaritaanka kansarka mindhicirka wuxuu bilaabmaa da'da 45, iyadoon loo eegin lab ama dheddig, dhiiga saxarada saxarada (FOBT) ayaa la ogaadaa sanadkiiba hal mar.
Colonoscopy 10kii sanoba mar ilaa da'da 75;
(2) Kuwa da'doodu u dhaxayso 76-85, kuwaas oo caafimaadkoodu wanaagsan yahay, iyo kuwa rajada nolosha ee ka badan 10 sano, waxay sii wadi karaan ilaalinta qurxinta.
2 Iyadoo la raacayo "Baaritaanka kiliinikada ee xubnaha qoyska dhow ee leh taariikhda qoyska ee kansarka mindhicirka:
(1) 1 qaraabo heerka koowaad ah oo leh adenoma heer sare ah oo qeexan ama xanuun (da'da bilawga ahi waxay ka yar tahay 60 jir), 2
Qaraabada darajada koowaad iyo wixii ka sareeya oo leh adenoma ama kansar heer sare ah oo qeexan (da' kasta oo bilaw ah), laga bilaabo da'da 40 (ama laga bilaabo 10 sano ka yar da'da bilawga xubinta qoyska ugu yar), FOBT hal mar sannadkii, hal mar 5tii sanaba baarista walamadka;
(2) Mawduucyada khatarta sare leh ee leh taariikhda qoyska ee qaraabada darajada koowaad (kaliya 1, da'da bilawga ayaa ka sareysa 60 sano):
Bilow inaad hubiso da'da 40, adigoo baarista FOBT sanad walba iyo baarista walamadka tobankii sanoba mar.3 Baaritaanka xubnaha qoyska ee kulanka "kansarka mindhicirka ee la iska dhaxlo" 7;
Xubnaha qoyska ee bukaanada qaba FAP iyo HNPCC, baaritaanka hidda-wadaha ayaa lagula talinayaa marka beddelka hidda-wadaha kiiska koowaad ee qoyska uu cad yahay.
(1) Kuwa leh baaritaanka isbeddelka hidda-socodka ee togan, ka dib da'da 20, baarista walamadka waa in la sameeyaa 1-2 sano kasta;(2) Kuwa leh baaritaanka is-beddelka hidda-wadaha, dadweynaha guud waa in la baaro.4 Hababka lagu taliyay ee hubinta:
(1) Tijaabada FOBT + baadhista mugga dhexdooda waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee baadhista Han, caddayntuna waa ku filan tahay:
(2) Ogaanshaha hidde-sideyaasha-badan ee dhiigga ayaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geysato hagaajinta saxnaanta xisaabinta, qiimuhuna waa qaali;(3) Haddii shuruuduhu oggolaadaan, baadhista waxa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isku darayo hababka saxarada iyo dhiigga.
Talada ka hortagga:
1. Jimicsigu wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u yareeyn karaa dhacdooyinka burooyinka, u hoggaansamaan hoggaanka isboortiga, iyo dabaasha si looga fogaado buurnaanta;
2. Cunnada maskaxda ee caafimaadka qabta, waxay kordhisaa qaadashada fiber-ka cayriin iyo midhaha darayga ah, kana fogow cuntooyinka dufanku ku badan yahay iyo kuwa borotiinku ku badan yahay;
3 Daawooyinka aan jidhka ahayn ee ka hortagga bararka iyo kansarka ayaa laga yaabaa inay waxtar u yeeshaan ka hortagga kansarka mindhicirka.Dadka waayeelka ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay isku dayaan asbiriin-hooseeya, taas oo yareyn karta khatarta cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga iyo kansarka mindhicirka.La tasho dhaqtar si gaar ah loo isticmaalo.
5.Yaree sigaar cabista si aad uga fogaato sunta muddada dheer iyo kicinta bararka ee Qinghua Dao.
Kansarka caloosha
Walxaha khatarta sare leh
Qof kasta oo leh mid ka mid ah shuruudahan soo socda waa shay khatar sare leh;
1. Ka weyn 60 sano;
2 gastritis dhexdhexaad ah oo daran;
3. Boogaha caloosha oo raaga;
4. Burooyinka caloosha;
5. Calaamad weyn oo laablaaban ee xabka caloosha;
6. Caloosha hadhaaga ah ee qalliinka kadib ee cudurada aan fiicneyn;
7. Caloosha harta ka dib qalliinka kansarka caloosha (6-12 bilood qalliinka ka dib);
8. caabuqa Helicobacter pylori;
9. Taariikhda qoyska cad ee kansarka caloosha ama hunguriga;
10. Dhiig-yaraan halis ah:
11. Qoyska adenomatous polyposis (FAP), kansarka mindhicirka aan polyposis-ka ahayn ee la iska dhaxlo (HNPCC) taariikhda qoyska.
Talooyinka Baaritaanka
Da'da> 40 jir ah oo leh calool xanuun, caloosha oo kacsan, dib-u-kicin aashitada, laabjeexa iyo calaamadaha kale ee raaxo la'aanta epigastric, iyo gastritis raaga, dheef-shiid kiimikaadka xiidmaha caloosha, polyps gastric, caloosha haraaga, calaamad weyn oo caloosha ah, boogaha gastric chronic iyo epithelial atypia. Hyperplasia iyo nabarada kale iyo walxaha leh taariikhda qoyska burooyinka waa in la mariyaa gastroscopy joogto ah iyadoo loo eegayo talooyinka dhakhtarka.
Talo ka hortag
1. Samee caadooyin cunto caafimaad leh iyo qaab-dhismeed cunto, oo aanad cunin xad-dhaaf ah;
2. Ciribtirka caabuqa Helicobacter pylori;
3. Iska yaree isticmaalka qabowga, basbaaska, kulaylka xad dhaafka ah, iyo cuntooyinka adag, iyo sidoo kale cuntooyinka milixdu ku badan tahay sida sigaarka iyo khamiirka.
4. Jooji sigaarka;
5. Cab khamriga adag ama ha yaraado;
6. Is deji oo si macquul ah u kala goo
Kansarka hunguriga
Walxaha khatarta sare leh
Da'da> 40 jir oo buuxi mid ka mid ah arrimahan halista ah:
1. Laga soo bilaabo aagga dhacdooyinka sare ee kansarka hunguriga ee dalkayga (meesha ugu cufan ee kansarka hunguriga ee dalkaygu wuxuu ku yaalaa Hebei, Henan iyo Shanxi ee koonfurta Taihang Mountain, gaar ahaan Cixian County, Qinling, buurta Dabie, waqooyiga Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, waqooyiga Jiangsu, Xinjiang, iwm.
2. Calaamadaha caloosha sare, sida lallabbo, matag, calool xanuun, dib-u-kicinta aashitada, cunista raaxo-darrada iyo calaamado kale;
3. Taariikhda qoyska ee xanuunka hunguriga:
4. La il daran cudurka kansarka ka horreeya hunguriga ama nabarrada kansarka hore:
5. Hayso arrimo halis u ah kansarka hunguriga sida sigaarka, cabbitaanka badan, miisaanka xad dhaafka ah, jecel cuntada kulul, kansarka unugyada squamous ee madaxa iyo qoorta ama habka neefsashada;
6. La ildaran cudurka xuubka xuubka xuubka (CERD);
7. Infekshanka papillomavirus (HPV).
Talooyinka Baaritaanka
Dadka khatarta sare ugu jira kansarka hunguriga:
1. endoscopy-ga caadiga ah, labadii sanaba hal mar;
2 Endoscopy oo leh baadhitaano cilmi-nafsi oo ku saabsan dysplasia fudud, endoscopy sannadkii hal mar;
3 Endoscopy oo leh baaris cilmi-nafsiyeedka dysplasia dhexdhexaad ah, endoscopy lixdii biloodba mar
Talo ka hortag
1. Ha sigaar cabbin, ha joojin sigaarka;
2. Qadar yar oo khamri ah ama khamri la'aan;
3. Cun cunto macquul ah, cun miraha iyo khudaarta cusub
4. Kor u qaad jimicsiga oo ilaali miisaan caafimaad leh;
5. Ha cunin cunto kulul, hana cabbin biyo kulul.
kansarka beerka
Walxaha khatarta sare leh
Ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 35 jir iyo dumarka da'doodu ka weyn tahay 45 jir ee mid ka mid ah kooxahan soo socda:
1. Caabuqa cagaarshowga B ee joogtada ah (HBV) ama caabuqa cagaarshow C ee daba-dheeraada (HCV);
2. Kuwa leh taariikhda qoyska ee kansarka beerka;
3. Bukaanka qaba beerka cirrhosis ee uu keeno schistosomiasis, khamriga, cirrhosis biliary aasaasiga ah, iwm;
4. Bukaanka qaba dhaawaca beerka ee daroogada;
5. Bukaanka qaba cudurrada dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee la iska dhaxlo, oo ay ku jiraan: hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin deficiency, cudurka kaydinta glycogen, porphyria maqaarka oo daahay, tyrosinemia, iwm.;
6. Bukaanka qaba cagaarshow autoimmune;
7. Bukaannada cudurka beerka dufanka leh ee aan khamriga ahayn (NAFLD).
Talooyinka Baaritaanka
1. Ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 35 sano iyo haweenka ka weyn 45 sano ee khatarta sare leh ee kansarka beerka waa in la baaro;
2. Codsiga isku dhafan ee serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) iyo beerka B-ultrasound, baaritaanka 6dii biloodba mar
Talo ka hortag
1. Tallaalka Cagaarshowga B;
2. Bukaanka qaba cagaarshowga joogtada ah waa in ay helaan daawaynta ka hortagga fayraska sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si loo xakameeyo soo-noqoshada fayraska cagaarshow.
3. Ka fogow ama yarayso khamriga;
4. Cun cunto fudud oo yaree qaadashada cuntada dufanka leh
5. Ka fogow qaadashada cuntada caaryada leh.
Kansarka ganaca
Walxaha khatarta sare leh
Dadka da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 jir, gaar ahaan da'da 50, oo leh mid ka mid ah arrimahan soo socda ( shayga lixaad ma kordhinayo halista kansarka ganaca, laakiin guud ahaan baaritaanka lama sameeyo):
1. Taariikhda qoyska ee kansarka ganaca iyo macaanka;
2. Waxaa jira taariikh sigaar cabid, cabbitaan, cunto dufan badan iyo borotiin badan;
3. caloosha dhexe iyo sare oo buuxa, raaxo la'aan, calool xanuun oo aan sabab cad lahayn, iyo calaamadaha sida rabitaanka cuntada oo luma, daal, shuban, miisaan lumis, dhabar xanuun, iwm.
4. Dhacdooyinka soo noqnoqda ee pankreatit dabadheeraad ah, gaar ahaan pankreatit daba dheeraatay oo leh dhagxaan dhuunta ganaca, papilloma nooca ugu weyn ee ganaca, mucinous cystic adenoma, iyo buro pseudopapillary adag, oo leh serum sare CA19-9;
5. Dhawaan si lama filaan ah ugu bilaabmatay xanuunka macaanka oo aan lahayn taariikh qoys;
6. Helicobacter pylori (HP) togan, taariikhda periodontitis afka, PJ syndrome, iwm.
Talooyinka Baaritaanka
1. Mawduucyada kor ku xusan waxaa lagu baaro natiijooyinka baaritaanka dhiigga ee calaamadaha burooyinka sida CA19-9, CA125 CEA, iwm, oo ay weheliso CT caloosha iyo MRI, iyo B-ultrasound ayaa sidoo kale ku siin kara caawimo u dhiganta;
2. Baadhitaanka CT ama MR sanadkiiba hal mar oo loogu talagalay dadka kor ku xusan, gaar ahaan kuwa taariikhda qoyska iyo nabarrada ka jira ganaca.
Talo ka hortag
1. Jooji sigaarka iyo xakamaynta khamriga;
2. Kor u qaad fudud, fudud oo la dheefshiido, cunto dufanku ku yar yahay;
3. Cun digaaga, kalluunka iyo shrimp, oo kor u qaad isticmaalka "+" khudaarta ubaxa, sida kaabajka cagaaran, kaabajka, dabocase, brokoli, iwm;
4. Horumarinta hawlaha hawada dibadda
5. Si looga hortago in ay xumaadaan nabarrada aan fiicneyn, kuwa leh dhagxaan dhuunta ganaca, papilloma intraductal mucinous papilloma iyo cystic adenoma ama nabaro kale oo aan fiicneyn waa in ay raadsadaan daryeel caafimaad waqtiga.
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Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-09-2022